E512 
.M42 






.A' 






^-r-.. 












•0^ 









iivt- 





0^ '^ " * 









.' J'^-^ ' ^: «>^V -.^i 



A 


































'^. 


















^^ 












-V-^ 



^o-n*, 












G^ \^',.^^ . 









.^'"-^. 



.-x"^ 



.0^ 



)^ cO- 



'^^ 



^O 



MARYLAND 



AND THE 



GLORIOUS OLD THIRD 



IN THE 



WAR FOR THE UN ION 



REMINICIENCE8 IN THE LIFE OF HER -MILITANT/' 
CHAPLAIN AND MAJOR 



SAMUEL KRAMER 



BY HIS ESTEEMED FRIEND AND COLABORER. 



WASHINGTON : 

T. J. BKASUEARS, PRINTER, 
1882. 



.lAYii^ 



^(,a'i 



The 3|-ebellion. 




•'Mine eye.s had seen the glory of the coming of the Lord- 
He was trampling out his vintage where the grapes of wrath were 
stored I" 

'HE iron-throated guns of Surapter had belched forth 
'their mutterings, and their reverbrations were heard 
^T^gYaroiind the world and overall seas I There was no 
place where their voice was not heard, and their sound had 
penetrated to either pole! The old effete nations of the 
East were startled from their sullen stupor as with the crack 
of doom, and they looked out from their eyrie on the im- 
pending strugo^lt! that should forever settle the question of 
Republican experiment on the American continent. This 
settled the principle of the perpetuity of Kingly domination 
in continental Euro|>e, and pressaged the settlement of 
Kingly rule throughout the world's dominion. The great 
battle of the centuries was now to be fought, and the test 
whether monarchic or Republican forms of government were 
best calculated to subserve the masses of men in the rule of 
the world for the generations to come, was now to be made. 
The guantlet thus thrown down was accepted, and the'chal- 
lenge to tratracidal combat, backed by foreign capital, and 
foreign diplomacy and greed, met its Waterloo on the lair 
and fertile fields of the South ; and American Christian 
civilization, as opuosed to centralized government, asserted 
its sway, and coming forth triumphant from the "battle of 
the clouds,'" settled the question for coming time. And 
the very blow they attempted to strike at us and our institu- 
tions in the darkness did but recoil on themselves, and 
changed the course of empire. 

TJIE QUEEN OF TUE RIVERS. 

Nowhere in the whole South-country was disunion and 
secession more rife than in our old border State, which was 
itching to join the Southern sisterhood id their terribly 



Buicidal march out of the Unioo. Baltimore, that beautiful 
city, sitting like a queen amid the Hurrounding rivers and 
baye, had long been Becrotly tanningthe flame of treason and 
rebellion. And gladly would she have severed the silken 
cord that bound her to the Northern sisterhood, and flung 
herself headlong into the vortex from which there could 
have been no honorable return. 

THE FATAL 19tH OF APRIL. 

When the fated morn of the 19th of April dawned upon 
her and it was noised abroad that a regiment from the hated 
State of Massachusetts had entered the city on the east, and 
were quietly treading her streets to press forward to the 
protection of the National C/apitol from the hand of treason, 
her auger knew no bounds, and the tempest rose to its 
height. The insane mob, well knowing that they were to be 
conveyed through her streets, as no other way was at hand, 
set their base ingenuity to work to devise means either for 
their destruction, ox' tuii) them back from whence they came, 
and thus leave the capital at the mercy vf traitois. Find- 
ing they could not be changed in their purpose of passing 
the city, the mob gathered in front and menaced them with 
threats of violence and ribald jeers. Seeing this did not 
avail, one more bold than tiie rest, raises his traitor hand and 
burls the first stone at the troops I Then, the ice broken, 
another and another follows, until the mob rises as one man; 
and, as the cars are attempted to be moved upon the sti-eets, 
towards their destination, shunt after shout is heard, and vol- 
leys of stones assail them. Shouts for the "Confederacy," 
and hisses and groans for the Union break forth around them J 
Now they begin to block uj) the passage, and hinder the pro- 
gress of the cars in which the troops were (piietly seated. 
Pratt street was literally barricaded with human beings, and 
as they slowly wended their way the mass thickened and the 
tumult increased. 

UNION BLOOD AROUSED. 

Ah they passed the store of tiie subject of our sketch, sit- 
uated at the corner of Pratt St. and tlie wharf, the turbulent 
mob was at its height — crowding, elbowing and jeering. He 
undaunted, rushed from his store to the street and cried out 
to the better portion of the citizens, who seemed to be only 



idle lookers-on: "Citizens! friends I this is a terrible out- 
rage, and ought to be stopped. If you will join me we can 
stay this tide and arrest these rulfiatis." Not a man stirred, 
but eyeing him with the supremest inditi'erence, they cried 
out: "You had better look out for yourselt, or we will hang 
you up to the lamp-post." Says the Chaplain: — "This warm- 
ed my Union blood to the ({uick. and mounting a barrel in 
front of my door, I cried out at the top of my voice: I fear 
none of you! My father fought in the war of the Revolution 
by the side of Washington, and four of my brothers in the 
war of 1812, and 1 am in for this! and they dared not molest 
me, nor touch a hair of my head, lor they knew me, and I 
cheered and encouraged the troops to persevere !" The way 
was now blocked, and the position of the troops was one of 
the most imminent peril. The progress of the cars was now 
extremely slow. 

A TRAIN DRIVEN BACK. 

A train immediately following this, filled with unarm- 
ed troops, had been driven back from the President street 
depot, on the road towards Philadelphia; and those which 
were now attempting the]>assage of the city, woul<l also have 
been, had they not fortunately for themselves, been armed, 
and supplied with a few rounds of ammunition. This fact, 
the howling mob being undoubtedly suspicious of, operated 
as a salutary check, and kept them otf at a more resfiectful 
distance, until frenzied and emboldened by the fresh arrivals 
of others, secretly armed, they jammed up directly against 
the cars, forbidding their furtlicr passage. The cars had now 
become, in consequence ot this, widely se[)arated, whether 
with design or otherwise, judging that they could better man- 
age them singly, in case the pieces of the troops were charged. 

"YANKliE HIRELINGS." 

Every moment now, as they attemptel to move the cars 
forward, the mob, growing in number and violence, be- 
gan tt> tear up the paving stones of the streets, a>id to pelt the 
cars in which the soldiers were seated. ICach side street 
poured forth its torrents of half drunk, halt frenzied demons, 
who blurted out their curses and jeers at the detested "Yatj- 
kee Hirelings." They tore up the rails from the track, and 



all of the cars which had not been fortunate enough to reach 
the depot were now bronght to a stand still. 

Those occupying the cars now wedged in the debris, and 
fairly caught in the trap set for them, knew there was no 
way but taking to the street. They tiled out in the best or- 
der they could command, and begun their march. They 
were greeted with demoniac yells, and as they proceeded 
they were assailed by a shower of stones. Many ware knock- 
ed down. tSoon {)i8tol sliots were fired into them, and some 
were struck. States flags were now flung out, and waved 
defiantly in the face of the troops, while the air resounded 
with the huzzas of the Confederacy and groans and curses 
for the Union. 

FOUR HOURS FROM DEPOT TO DEPOT. 

Over four hours had now been consumed in attempting to 
force the passage of the cit\% when thirty minutes was the 
usual time. iStill onward the beleagered troops pressed their 
way, attempting a "'doul))!! quick." Not desiring to force on 
open hostilities upoii the people, they mercifully withheld 
their fire, as windows and doors, and every available space 
was alive witli human beings. The rabble continued to yell 
and jeer at the troops and pelt them with whatever they could 
lay luuids on, besides occasiojial pistol shots. One young 
soldier here had his gun wrested fi'om his grasp, and was in- 
stantly shot down with it. This, the already irritated sol- 
diers could stand no longer, and several of them <lischarged 
their pieces, some into the air as a warning, while others 
aimed at the ring leaders, who fell. This only for an instant 
stayed the torrent. Through all this our heroic Chaplain 
fought his way fearlessly beside the beleagered troops, en- 
couraging and aiding them to clear their way through the 
mob. 

A REBEL CHIEF OF POLICE. 

At this }>oint he says: "Col. Kane, Chief of Police, whom 
1 liad known from a boy, said to me, a few days before, we 
will teach these Yankecis from the North, that they cannot 
})asH through this city." "Ntn-er," says the plucky (yha[)lain, 
though past the three score and ten usually allotteil to men, 
"had I beheld such patient endurance under such a fiery or- 
deal, when our troops could have swept the streets as with 



the besom of destruction and run the gutters with blood ! It 
was the spirit of ancient Sparta, and the passage of the Ther- 
luopylffi enacted over again !" Says the Chaplain: 

"Now, as they pressed forward, a young soldier was struck 
to the sidewalk and kicked into the gutter, his knapsack was 
torn from him, and he was agaii) kicked and thrown across 
the street. Some kind friends aided us in rescuing and car- 
ing for him within doors. Others, also, were likewise mal- 
treated. The bodies of those who were killed outright, were 
taken into the stores of friends, to spare them from mutila- 
tion by the mob, as the troops were too much engaged for 
their own safety to attempt to either succor their wounded 
comrades or care for their dead. But thank God friends 
were raised up for that work! A Captain Dyke was shot 
down near me, and a few^ of us sprang forward and lifted him 
from the street and carried him to a place of safety, from 
whence he was finally restored to friends and home — but 
maimed for life." 

THE DEPOT REACHED. 

"But the most terrible sight now met our gaze," says the 
Chaplain, "as we neared the depot on Camden street, when 
we beheld the immense throng that tilled the entire streets, 
blocking the very entrance. All now thought the crisis at 
baud. If the crowd gave way and allowed the troops to pass 
this point in safety, all would be well ; but if not, the only 
next alternative would be to fire into the dense mass of hu- 
man beings, and press in at the point of the bayonet * * * 
Our soldiers took in the situation at a glance, and by a de- 
termined resolution, they pressed their way through into 
the depot, the crowd giving way before them ! Never was 
relief greater than when we saw the last man shoved safe 
within, and our hearts went up in thankfulness that we were 
spared the mortitication and shame of a blood shedding, that 
must have forever been a blot upon the glorious escutcheon 
of our fair city. 

A CHANCE SHOT. 

"The troops at once entered the cars in waiting for them, 
and soon steamed out of the depot. Just as the cars had 
cleared the houses, out of the city, a man was seen with a guu 
ready to tire into them, when a soldier in the car saw him, 



and taking aim with his gun shot him dead before he had 
time to fire his piece. He was a merchant doing business ou 
Baltimore street. This proved a timely warning and un- 
doubtedly saved others from attempting so foolish an exploit, 
and perhaps much innocent blood from being shed. 

"MARSHALL KANE." 

"After the troops had left the depot, Marshall Kane wai 
loudly called for, and coming out on the steps proceeded to 
address the rabble; and he promised them a mass meeting 
such as they had never yet seen, that night, in Monument 
Square, and that they should be addressed by 'men true to 
our cause,' upon which only, the mob could be quieted and 
dispersed. 

"The meeting was held, and thousands filled the Square. 
Flaming speeches were made in favor of Secession, while 
cheer after cheer thundered out on the midnight air! and 
Baltimore was in the hands of traitors." 

A LOYAL GOVERNOR. 

At this point, Governor Hicks, that noble champion of 
freedom and law, was beset by tbe enemies of the Govern- 
ment with the most powerful reasoning, to induce him to 
convene the Legislature of the State, but the Governor stood 
firm, and neither feared their threats nor was captured by 
their insinuating blandishments, for, finding their cajoUery 
vain and ineffective to move him, they threatened him with 
the rope! He defied them to do their worst. 

A "PINE TREE FLAG." 

The State flag still floated at the Pratt street wharf, and 
the "Pine Tree flag" within the "Serpent's coil," floated from 
the mast-head of a vessel lying at Smith's dock. The city 
was wild with excitement. 'I'roops paraded the streets, and 
were preparing to leave the State and cross to the seat of war 
in the Old Dominion ! Men were sent out to burn bridges, 
cut wires, and intercept succor trom the North or West. 

THE LOYAL SAILORS' "BETHEL'' AND THE REBEL PREACHER. 

"But," continues the Chaplain, "the Sabbath dawned, and 
but for the peal of a single Church bell, one could not be 
aware of its presence. Houses of worship were deserted, and 



J 



9 

companies of soldiers paraded the streets. The churches of 
the city were all closed, except the little Sailors' Bethel near 
Light street wharf, where the Chaplain was accustomed to 
worship, and was instrumeiital in l)uilding — the sjloriou^ lit- 
tle church for sailors, true to the Li^iiiou. In her bosom beat 
true and loyal hearts. The preacher of that first Sabbath 
da}' of the Rebellion in Baltimore, happened to be a rebel 
from Vir2:iiiia I And now came the test of loyalty in the lit- 
tle church! The preacher entered, followed by another, a 
well known rebel sympathizer of Baltimore; and as they 
marched up the aisle, castins^ their eyes to the right and left, 
to feel the temper of the little Sftartan band, every gaze waH 
instantly turned upon them I The Chaplain knew ev^ery 
heart in that assembly to l)eat to the tune of the Union; and 
just before the preacher rose to begin the service, the 
Chaplain, rose in the altar, and addressing the congregation, 
said: — We are aware that this is a time of great excitement! 
Our country is in danger: war and blood shed is in our midst, 
the very air breathes treason! But our trust is in God, and 
in the men true to our Government. When the forces ot 
old England threatened our country, 'God heard the prayers 
of his people and delivered them from tiie paw of the Lion 
and Bear,' so will God hear our prayers to-day. All of you 
who love your country, and are ti'ue to the Union, come with 
me to this altar and unite in prayer to God to aid us to over- 
throw this Rebellion."' 

Sa^'s the Chaplain: — "They at once crowded the altar and 
the benches surrounding it, when the power of God tilled the 
place, and the Chaplain offered up a prayer that brought 
forth loud '^Ainens" from a hundred hardy throats. It was 
a day and an hour long to be remembered in that little baiuU 

"The whilom pi-eacher ami his friend immediately tiled 
down out of the pulpit, and left the church as fast as their 
legs could carry them, and never more returned. The 

preacher. Rev. John W. W , (with a singular ap{)ropria- 

tive cognomen,) left for his home in Virginia, and joined the 
rebels. This little band gave some good soldiers to the cause." 

A TIGHT PLACE. 

"On Monday," says the Chaplain, I attended the prayer 
meeting of the Young Mens' Christian Association, it met 
in the Lecture room of the Charles street Methodist Church. 



10 

There was a crowd present and many were there who were 
in sympathy with the South. Near the close of the meeting, 
I involuntary fell upon my knees and poured forth a fervent 
prayer to God for the Union! That the stars and stripes might 
never be trailed in the dust, but wave over the whole land. 
The meeting closed; a brother came to me and said: Brother 
Kramer, you must not pray that way, you will get into trou- 
ble. I said: — *My trust is in God, the ever living God! My 
God and my country are my motto!' " 

THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER ON "FEDERAL HILL." 

"On the aiternoon of Friday the 19, some fisherman hois- 
ted the stars and stripes on Federal Hill. Kane's police 
were sent up to pull it dov;n. The fishermen fought and 
drove them off several times. They finally pulled down the 
flag, but it was hoisted again! We sung the Star Spangled 
Banner, and our fisherman were victorious. One of the po- 
licemen tore off his badge and declared he would not light 
against the old flag! During the darkness of night the flag 
was stolen away. 

A COMMISSION TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 

"These fishermen joined the army the moment we com- 
menced recruiting for the Union, on the 7th of May, per- 
mission having been obtained to recruit. The State would 
not recruit men to aid in the suppression of the rebellion. 
I had joined a few friends in aiding a commission to Wash- 
ington to see President Lincoln and get his |»ermission to 
raise troops. lie gave us an order, and on the above day, 
Captain McConnell opened an office on Baltimore street, 
opposite the office of the Su.ri. The rebels howled when we 
flung out the stars and stripes to the breeze from the upper 
windows. Men crowded the street, swearing vengeance, but 
we kept the flag at the mast, bidding them defiance. The 
State flag was pulled down, and the rebels continued their 
threats ; hut the timely arrival ot Gen'l Butler's troops — 
being within nine miles of the citj' — had a remarkably quiet- 
ing ettect. 

A VISIT FROM "UNCLE BEN." 

"On the night of the 13th of May Gen'l Butler entered 
the city, occupying Federal Hill. When he trained his guns 



11 

upon the city a doep sic^h of relief escaped from every heart. 
The rebel authorities called on tlie general, and were the 
most profuse with their protestations of loyalty and friend- 
ship. But the i^eneral was not to he caught by sweet words, 
after the scenes of the fated 19th.! And he did not hesitate 
to let them know it. Some ot them immediately left the 
city and joined the rebels, over the Potomac, while the others 
were polite enough to take back seats, considering it better 
to absorb good government contracts on this side than, poor 
ones on the other.'' 

A TRIP SOUTH. 

The chaplain now resolved to visit the seat of hostilities, 
and crossing the Potomac in June, proceeded direct to Win- 
chester, Va.. and then to the rebel General Stewart's camp, 
conversing with hira in his own tent. Startiiig back via 
Harper's Ferry, he attempted the passage, and only suc- 
ceeded by falling in with some confederate officers. Of them 
he learned that a raid was contemplated into Frederick, 
Maryland. The legislature was then in session there instead 
of at Anapolis, the proper place for it. One can at once see 
the cause, as it would be in a better position both to com- 
municate with the enemy, and to concoct measures for carry- 
ing the State out the Union — the majority being in favor of 
the scheme. Governor Hicks was their only impediment, 
and they wanted to have him captured and carried beyond 
the lines, when they could pass an act of secession and get 
away themselves. 

ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE THE STATE. 

"Having learned their plans," says the chaplain, "and 
well aware that if that were accomplished, it would not only 
be a terrible blow to Maryland itself, but add strength and 
force to the rebellion, it did not take long to decide duty. 
For had this succeeded, Butler would have shelled the city 
before he would have permitted it to fall into their hands, 
and the State would have been the battlefield instead of 
Virginia. Therefore, to wave Gov. Hicks from capture, and 
Washington from falling into the hands of the rebels was 
ray first and greatest desire, so I at once started for Frederick 
to see him. The river was guarded, and I made my way to 
Shepardstown. After parlying a little with the guard ou 



12 

the bridge, I was permitted to paps. I then started for 
Boonsboro, and so over the mountains, to Frederick City, 
Baw the governor and communicated to him all the designs 
of the enemy as well as their positions and force. At his 
request I went to Washington to communicate with Gen'l 
Scott, the governor sending his private secretary, Mr. Wil- 
son with me, in order tht-t I should not be delayed in my 
mission, and that it ahould be more effectual. The old war 
general was glad to see me and of the information I furnished. 
When I had done, he exclaimed, almost starting, in his 'jhair. 

'Is it possible P is deceiving me?' 'lie is, sir;' Isaid. 

And so it proved, when he failed to follow up Johnson, and 
thus let him slip away to Bull Kun, and turn the tide 

against us. Said the general, 'P is at Hagerstown with 

30,000 men as a check on Johnson, and to watch his move- 
ments, and yet, says he has no guard on the Potomac, and 
the rebels can cross and recrossinto Maryland,' — (and bring- 
ing his hand down upon his knees with force,) exclaimed : 
'P must move!" 

ITS DENOUEMENT. 

"Gen'l P did move, and on the 1st of July the battle 

was fought below Martinsburg. This saved Maryland to the 
Union — the legislature was dispersed, several nienil)erB being 
captured and imprisoned." 

A general's I'ERFIDY. 

The chaplain now returned to Baltimore and engaged 
in enlisting and sending volunteers to the front. Two regi- 
ments were thus forwarded, when orders were received to 
recruit a third. In July the chaplain made several trips to 

the valley of Virginia, visiting Gen'l P 's command at 

Martinsburir, and satisfied himsell'of the infidelity of that 
officer. 

"About the ]5th," hecontinues "Gen'l J. E. Johnson evac- 
uated Winchester, and marched on Bull Run. Gen'l P 

was well informed of this, and couUl have followed \\\iu,(ni(/ 
saved uti the Bull Run defeat. But he was a traitor to the 
Union, aiiu intended that defeat. The enemy, themselves, 
acknowledged that we had the advantage up to two o'clock 
»)f that fatal day, as they were really beaten, their regiments 
cut up, aud they were falling back in disorder and conlusion. 



13 

Our forces were anxiously looking for P to come to 

their aid with hie 30,000 men. 

"About two o'clock a rebel staff officer galloped up from 

Manassas and reported that 'Gen'l P was within four 

miles of our left,' coming to our aid, when in fact, it was 

Johnson coming up to their aid. Gen'l P was resting 

quietly at Charlcstown^ thirty miles away. He heard the firing 
all of Sunday, and on that night moved down to Harpers 
Ferry, thougii his men clamored to be led against the enemy 
and curbed him as a traitor. I had been in his camp on 
Saturday, while he lay at Charlestown, and his troops were 
then dissatistied with his movements, as they tluvught when 
they left Martinsburg they were to pursue JohnRon ; (for 
when they had come to the turn in the road at Bunker Hill, 
he ordered them to Charlestown.) He lay there from 
Friday until Sunday night. 

A NARROW ESCAPE, 

'■As I passed through his camp on Saturday I went to 
Summit Point, about six miles, and stopped at the liouse of 
a good Union man, and on Sunday, several rebels met in 
woods and consulted about my arrest, and informed Col. 
Moseby «>f my presence. It was decided that my arrest 
should take place on Monda}'; and a friend made known to 
me their plans. I said, if they will only put it off until 
Monday morning I will give them the slip, for my God will 
deliver me out of their hands. My cause is a good one, and 
God will see me safe through. I thanked my friends for 
their kindness, and retired for prayer and to plan for my 
escape. At eight o'clock, upon retiring, I informed the 
family of my host of the intentions of the enemy, and of my 
plans, when they becan)e very much alarmed. I said : 
'Give yourself no fears, God will deliver me.' I re(]uested 
them all to retire and put out every light. J told them I 
should go to bed and sleep until midnight; that they must 
remain perfectly quiet. Said they, you will not go to sleep. 
I repeated, 'I shall go to sleep, for I felt like David when he 
said — I will lay me down and sleep, for the Lord njaketh 
me to dwell in safety — my trust is in the Lord, ni}' times 
are in his hands, and He will deliver me.' Seeing my confi- 
dence, they became composed, and after prayer with them, I 
retired and was soon fast asleep and slept as soundly as if no 



danger was near. At half-past eleven sharp, I awoke, and 
rising, dressed myself for rayjonrney. Xnoeling a moment, 
I thanked God for his help, and rising took up my valise 
and started through the woods for Chailestown, six miles 

distant, expecting there to find P 's army. IJe had left 

for Harpers Ferry. I went on and came up with them 
during the morning." 

A "SUPPLY TRAIN FOR THE ENEMY.,' 

He then called upon (Sren'l P and informed him of a 

train of cars up the railroad loaded with valuable supplies 
that must, if left there, full into the hands of the enemy ; 
that they could be brought down as well as not, if he would 
let him have twenty men, (as they were without steam,) the 
grade was down, he would bring them to the Ferry. He 
made an excuse that his men "were three montlis men, and 
their time was out," and he left the cars loaded with supplies 
to fall into the hands of the enemy, which they did in due 
time. 

CHEATED OUT OF A "CHAPLAIN." 

Says the Chaplain — "1 learned Irom Summit Point that on 
Monday morning a squad of rebel cavalry paid a visit to tlie 
house I had just left to arrest me. I was not there. I was 
safe at the Ferry. And instead of a forced visit to Rich- 
mond prison, 1 was on my way to Baltimore." 

RECRUITING THE "THIRD." 

On his arrival at Baltimore, he engaged in recruiting "the 
Maryland Third." It proved to be hard work, as was also 
(he preceeding attempts in that city. The rebels W( re 
jubilant. Ttie Bull Run disastei- had set them in high glee, 
and had it not been for the wholesome eftect otour guns on 
Federal Hill and Fort McHenry, they would have broke 
into open revolt. Fear, only held the city in check." 

$50,000 FOR TUK TROOPS. 

From the position assumed by the Chaplain on the ll>tli 
of April in the streets of Baltimore, his trade at his store 
came to a stand still, and he was compelled to suspend 
business. He had novv spent months, at his own (diarges, 
travelling from one point to another, and aiding every way 



in his power to sjive information and send men forward into 
the tield. He even paid men to enlist and aided their ftinii- 
lies from his own property. The State not then having 
laUcn into line, he bought a vessel load of wood (fifty 
cords) ;ind yave it to the families of the men in eamp, and 
other supplies of groceries and otiier needful aiticles, visit- 
ing the families to understand their needs, the government 
not having paid them an}- money, and they would have left 
the camp had he not done so. lie decided to visit the Legisla- 
ture, at Anapoiis, and induce tliem to pass an act for the 
relief of the families of those who luid already enlisted and 
gone or were going to the front. For, let it be said, that 
there were some good Union men in that body. He suc- 
ceeded in getting them to pass an act appropriating $50,000 
tor the j)urpose of aiding their families. 

A LONG JOURNEY. 

One night while he was intent on this, closeted with the 
committee, he neglected to look at his time and found on 
reaching the depot that the train had left for Baltimore where 
he must l)e in the morning. He started on foot, and traveled 
the 30 miles that night, reaching the city before daylight. 
It was through a hard country and a way with which he was 
unacquainted, and once during the night, on conung sud- 
denly to a fork in the road, being undecided which to take 
he clambered up the sign post and learned the vvay, as he 
did not dare, in the face of doubts atid dogs, attempt to 
disturb the peaceful slumbers of the iuhabitajits. 

Says the Chaplain — "I thanked God that I accomplished 
the task I went for, and that so many hearts were made 
glad thereby; and it i)aid me all it cost to be a Union man, 
to see others made happy. That, although sneered at by 
rebels and threatened, it was glor}' enough for one day; the 
dark clouds were rifting and hope beamed on us. 

READY FOR THE FRONT. 

"The dreary winter was now passing, and the spring of 
1862 found us with regiments filled and equipped, having 
enjoyed the wintry weather, as best we could, in preparation. 
We built a fine large chapel, had it comfortably warmed — 
and grand old meetings in it. Sabbath after Sabbath, with 
the families and friends of the soldiers with us, and had all 



16 

learned to love and trust each other. We did all we could 
to make all happy and contented. 

"In June of 1862, we were ordered to join Gen'l Banks, 
in the Vallov of V^irginia. Our regiment being raised hy 
order of the War Department, were U. S. troops, for the 
State was iu)t prepared to take the initiative. She could 
only furnish a few home guards to protect property, tele- 
graphs and bridges. 

REGULAR "back SET." 

"When we were about to march for the Seat of War, we 
needed about a hundred men to complete our quota. Oapt. 

McG , at EUicott City, had the required number, and 

they wore ordered to join us. When we had arrived at the 

Potomac the men with Capt. McG at their head refused 

to cross, saying that they would not go out of the State, nt< 
they were State troops. They were permitted To return. 
When they were ordered to York, Pa., they made no objec- 
tion, ahhough out of their State. There, they were sure 
of good quarters, no fighting, but to guard hospitals arid 
grave}ards to keep the dead from, rising. 

gen'l, C 'S "SCARE." 

" As Maryland awoke to loyalty and to duty, other 
regiments were recruited, sent to the front, and did nobly 
for the cause of the Union. So, the three regiments raised 
by us for the U. S. were at length credited to the St.ite, 

tliou*jrh she b{^re no part of their expense. Gen'l C was 

placed in command. We crossed the Potomac at Harper's 
Ferry and encamped on the Virginia heights. We had our 
tents, our <-onimis-iary stores, &c. One night it being re- 
ported that the enemy were advancing, the general became 
frightened, and calling a hasty retreat, hurried us arross the 
river into Maryland, leaving our tents standing, and fvery 
thing behind us. — All the lights were ordered out, and per- 
fect quiet was to be observed. In the morning, w<' iound 
ourselves looking down upon our peaceful camp, without an 
enemy within twenty miles for aught we knew, with the 
graceful river rolling between. And for days the Gen'l did 
not dare recross the river and secure our supplies, but left 
them at the mercy of the disunionists, who carried every- 
thing away at their leisure, while we remained the innocent 



17 

8pectator8of their amusement, ami the laughing-stock of our 
rebel confreres. 'The (TCiieral' had simply neglected to put 
out scouts, by which he might have informed himself, and 
saved himself and us the extreme mortification incident to 
our position, as well as sometiujig for a rainy day in the 
shape of tents and hard tack." 

The government, upon being informed of this direlection 
of C , dispUiced him, and sent him on to recruiting duty. 

A HIDE TO WINCHESTER. 

Says the Chaplain — "We now proceeded down the Valley 
and encamped on Cedar Creek. Gcn'l Bank's headcjuarters 
were at Winchester, and rebels were planning to cut him off 
from above. Having preached on Sal)bath morning to u 
little country church on our outpost, 1 had learned this fact, 
from good Union authority, and confiding it to our coloiicl, 
it was concluded that something must be done to counteract 
this at once. Some one must attempt to carry the news to 
Banks. The road was infested with bushwhackers, and it 
would be a dangerous exiieriment. it was finally decided 
that 'the Chaplain,' as he was the youngest and spryest in the 
saddle, (!) stiould perform the feat: "Htiving a good horse, 
that could be relied on, as swift and sure of foot, I 
mounted and put spurs to him, and after a brisk ride ot' 
several miles 1 reached the general's headquarters, and 
motioning an orderly to me, I denumded at once to see the 
General. 1 communicated to him the oral or<ler I had re- 
ceived, (for I never carried messages in wiiting, for fear of 
capture.) The Gen'l thanked me, when 1 turned my horse 
horaewar'l and rode back to camp, reaching it in good time, 
never once having left the saddle. The joy of the regiment 
was great when they saw the h(»rse and his rider return in 
safety." His entrance into camp just as the sun vxas setting, 
was as grand a triumph as that of the twin brothers, 'Castor 
and Pollux,' when tney suddenly appeared seated on their 
splendid charges lashed with foam, amid the fainting de- 
fenders of Kome on the plains of liegillus! 



OFF FOR FRONT ROYAL, 



The Third was now ordered to Front Royal, with the 

brigade again under command of Gen'l (' , who seemed 

now to haunt us particularly, as they had no otiier use 



18 

for him ! " This march," says the Chaplain, " resulted 
in much good to our men, as they were suftering from 
dysentery, and along the road were the most delicious cher- 
ries, of which they partook, despite the protest of the sur- 
geons, and all got well. We had started at day dawn with a 
first-class guide, and by night we found our brigade just 
where we had left in the morning to the great mortification 
of the 'heads of department.' " 

We expect that the old Chaplain was a little too much 

for the military fledgling, "General" C , for "the gen'l" 

now sought to get rid of him, and appointed a friend of his 
own to come on and take his place in the Third regiment. 
But the plan did'nt work, as the regiment took too readily 
to the "old man eloquent." and liked his exploits. Besides, 
certain little "regulations'" stood in the way; the ofilcersand 
men had acquainted Governor Bradford of the little game, 
when he wrote "the general" that chaplains were chosen, by 
the ofiicers and men, and appointed by liirn^ and that Mr. 
Kramer having had that honor, seeming to "fill the bill" 
pretty lively, thought that one to a regiment was amply 
sufiicent. Of course somebody had to back water — and it 
was'nt the "'fighting Chaplain of the Tliird.^^ 

A BATTLE. 

In August, Geii'l Pope assumed command. Says the 
Chaplain, "On the 8th, Crawford's brigade (the 3rd Md, 
regiment being a part of it) was ordered to Slaughter Moun- 
tain. Early on Saturday morning, it being the 9th, Banks 
arrived with his force of 7,000 men, Gen'l Seigel following 
in support of Banks. About 5 o'clock General Jackson ad- 
vanced on Banks, and opened his batteries on us from Cedar 
Mountain and made terrible work. At 6 o'clock we were 
ordered to charge at 'double quick.' Our men sprang for- 
ward, and just as we had readied the etlge of the field, the 
rebels poured forth from their batteries a most deadly fire of 
grape and cannister. Our men reeled and staggered. Whole 
ranks appeared to be swept down. Yet on they rushed, 
over wounded and dying. Our major fell dead. The 
slaughter was terrible. At length the terrific fire from their 
masked batteries compel led us to retreat, leaving many of 
our wounded upon the field till midiiight. On Sunday 
morning the rebels continued in full force on our front, but 



19 

gradually fell haok with a purpose to draw ns into a trap. 
They left their dead on the tield. "Gen'l Pope had been 
momentarilv expecting Gen'l Fitz John Porter with his 
splendid army of 30,000 men, to reiiifoi'ce him, while the 
whole of Lee's army, 150,000 strong, was menacing his front. 
Fitz John Porter's failure to support iiim, left Pope to the 
superhuman work of keeping back the whole force of Lee, 
with his small army. Po[)e finally fell back in perfect 
order towards Alexandria, tiglitingall the vvay. 

"On Sunday, the 31st of August, our troops destroyed the 
cars on the railroad together with all the stores and supplies, 
to prevent them from falling into the hands of the rebels." 

While this work was going on the Chaplain had a linger 
broken at the hand, tlie bone protruding. No surgeon being 
near, he worked it back into its {)lace, and wrapping up the 
hajid in a stocking lie picked up, kept at his post until the 
next day when it was cared f )r in a proper manner. 

THE BATTLE OF CHANTILLA. 

"On the 1st of September, as we were falling back to 
Alexandria, Gen'l Banks was suddenly taken ill, and when 
the rebels were reported to be advancing for battle. Quite 
a panic was caused and came near beitig a general rout, 
when the Colonel called my attention to it, and we put spurs 
to our horses and headed oif the stampede. Shortly after 
this, at about 5 o'clock, the rebel force struck us at Chan- 
tilla. The rain now fell in torrents; the most terrific peals 
ot thunder I ever heard, accompanied with the most vivid 
flashes of lightning, and with the blending of the cannon- 
ading and musketry below, it seemed as if heaven and earth 
had met in mortal combat in a battle of the giants and the 
Gods. Darkness alone put and end to the contest. Gen'ls 
Stevens and "Phil." Keartiey, on our side, were killed. As 
the rebels fell back, we lay all night on our arms. The day 
had been hot, but after nightfall the cold became intense, 
and which with our wet clothing, gave us the greatest 
concern. 

"We now continued our march to Alexandria, and en- 
camped in view of the city." 

THE CHAPLAIN MAKES A CAPTURE. 

In a few days the brigade began its march to Maryland, 



20 

arriving' at Frederick on Saturday, September 13, 1862, and 
passing thence over South Mountain, down to Antietani, 
it reached Boonsboro and the south side of the mountain on 
Monday. They had nothing to eat trom early morning, and 
as the colonel of the regiment and the Cha[)lnin were 
riding along side by side cogitating as to how they were to 
obtain this needed supply, they espied a farm house over 
near the foot ot the mountain, when it occured to the Chap- 
lain that he would ride over and ca[)ture a loaf or two to 
enrich their now exliausted commissary. With the colonel's 
perraissi(m, he started off on a run, with his fleet of foot 
charger, in an old grey coat and slouch hat. He reached the 
bouse and entering it, met the good woman of the house and 
begged to buy some bread. She replied that she had but 
one left. "Well," said he, can you not bake some more? 
What will you take for tliat one? The price struck was a 
dollar; the Cha})lain j)aid tor it bound it up hastily with his one 
unwounded hand, and putting it under his arm, started c^iit 
doors. Just as he was about to mount his horse, he looked 
up and saw a i^ebel soldier ap})roaching, carrying his gun in 
his hand. Something had to be done, and there must be no 
delay about it. So tying the loaf to the saddle, the Ohai»- 
laiu took a strange fancy to the man's gun — (as he himself 
was without one.) Advancing, he saluteil his unsuspecting 
victim, who took him for the "man of the house," and during 
the brief conversation that ensued about "commissary sup- 
plies," etc., etc., he put his gun at res:; when "the Chaplain," 
i^till eyeing it closely, said — "My friend, that's a tine gun you 
have," (}>utting his hand upon it.) 

"Yes," lie replied, "its a fine piece." "I Just lifted it," 
says the Chaplain — "and casting an admiring glance along 
thesraothe barrel, 1 just stepped back quickly a few paces 
and brought it to a "present," at the same time saying to 
him, 'You are my prisoner.' If ever a tellow on a forag- 
ing expedition was chop-fallen and bewildered, he was. 
Our brigade beiug just in sight, I started him at a right- 
about face, poor fellow, and mounting my horse, marclied 
him straight into camp. (He did'nt stop to ask a single 
question, but just obeyed.) The regiment greeted us with 
a shout. I then introduced my 'Johnny' to the urbane col- 
onel as a member of the 8rd — but the- South Carolina, and 
not the Maryland 3rd." 



21 

They passed the prisoner aloiio; to General Green, com- 
manding the column, who, after learning the facts, <«rdered 
that the Ohuplain be entitled to tlie gnn and trappings for 
his heroic exploit, and at his re(iuest, the custody ot the 
prisoner! And during the pleasant confab between them, 
over night, he found him a gentleman of intelligence and 
ability — and was extremely mortified at the mannerof his cap- 
ture, by an unarmed Chaplain. 

Says the Chaplain — "I shared my supper with him from 
the 'commissary supply' he helped me bring in, and pro- 
vided him a good blanket for the night and breakfast in the 
morning. And altogether the fellow had a bet^^^ertime with 
me than he would have had 'out in the cold,' with his own 
troops, for, on taking leave of me, to join the provost guard, 
he he:»rtily thanked me for my kindness, and we parted the 
best of friends. He uiHjuainted me with his city and resi- 
dence. The 'capture' I made — the gun and ecjuipments — it 
was agreed by the colonel and all hands, should be sent a 
})resent to our Governor, Bradford." 

THE FIGHT AT ANTIETAM — MCCLELLAM AGAIN IN COMMAND. 

On the 16th of September, after a hasty breakfast, the 
lirigade continued its march for Antietam. 

"At 3 p. m.," HiXjA the Chaplain, "we came to a halt: each 
man hat! dealt out to him about sixty rounds of ammunition, 
and all loaded, ready for action. Pickets were stationed : 
beef were killed am) distributed among the troops, who en- 
joyed a square meal — the last that many a poor fellow ever 
ate. The night grew dark and the rain fell in torrents. VV^e 
had no sooner encamped for the night, than, at 9 o'clock the 
bugle sounded an advance. We were soon in line, and march- 
ing down to Antietam creek, picking our way, together with 
the heavy artillery, plodding along through mud and mire, 
we came to a brief halt for rest and reconnoitre. Just as the 
(hiylight was slightly tinging the East, the rebels began 
j>oui-ing their tire into us. Onr brigade formed into line, and 
tiled into action sjjlendidly — 'tighting Joe Hooker' and Gen- 
Manstield at our head! It was liot work for a short time, 
and the ground around was literally bathed in blood. Soon 
(Teneral Manstield was struck down and carried from the 
field to a small house not far distant, where he ilii'd about 
noon. Soon after, 'fighting Joe Hooker' was hit in the heel, 



22 

but stuck to bis sudille; an<1 when tbe surgeon rode up and 
proffered bis services, be said: -No! I haven't time now, I 
can stand it; and having asked him tor a little brandy, be 
drank it, and {lutting spurs to his horse rode oft" and was 
seen encouraging tbe men iti tbe tight, but soon after, be 
was, from the h)ss of blood, compelled to leave the field. 

"I was much concerned," says tbe Chaplain, "for a young 
captain of one regiment, about 19 years of age, W. A. Hack- 
er, from Mass.; be had fallen at the head of his company. As 
tbe enemy were driven back a number of us started in to 
see if we could sjet at him, as well as some others we had 
missed. We found Hacker in an old farm bouse, that had 
been vacated by its occupants when the fight began. It had 
become an extemporized hospital during the fight. He had 
been struck with a miniiie ball in the breast, and tbe wound 
was very dangerous. We secured an ambulance, and at once 
remove*! him to better quarters, as tbe firing was in that di- 
rection, lor as tbe house stood between tbe two forces it would 
set tbe house on fire. Tbe dead, wounded and dying, were 
strewn about us on every band, and was a sickening sight to 
behold; and tlie cries of the latter, as they writhed in their 
pains, we could hear above the din of battle. The enemy in 
retiring bad left them, strewn in every direction over the 
field. 

"Darkness now enveloped us as with a mantle, and lead- 
ing my horse, I went through and through among our fallen 
braves, and did everything in my ])ovver to aid and succor 
them, as they lay bleeding and dying. Thought I, 'Oh I 
cruel Rebellion! what bast thou done? and this but a drop 
in tbe measure of thy crimes ! Thousands the homes that 
have been made desolate and drear! Would God I could 
die if it could but save all this!' 

AMONG THE SLAIN, 

"All night long I plodded around among the slain, and 
into every nook and corner where I hoped to find our men, 
to render them comfort. I sat down, worn out and utterly 
exhausted with tbe night of toil — liolding the bridle ot my 
horse, waiting (quietly lor the daylight, to resume my search. 
I arose, and went almost into the rebel lines, when the Col- 
onel sent for me to retire as I might draw their fire. 



23 

"But the rebel?? remained quiet, though every moment we 
expected orders to advance nnd open on them; but notaaoul 
stirred, not an order given ! And we all wondered that we 
were not to follow up the success of the preceding day. We 
queried: 'What could be the design of our Commander-in- 
chief?' with Fitz John Portpr and his 15,000 fresh troops 
near in pupport, that had not yet been hxl into the fight — 
were we to let the enemy escape V We could not understand 
it, but the lebols were allowed to 

Quietly 'rise and steal away, 
And live to fight anotlier day," 

and we were left with the wounded. The rebels generally 

made us the hack-horse to furnish them with supplies, and 

care for their wounded and bury their dead, while they ran 

oft* to strike us in another direction ! They fouglit as if they 

meant it! We, to spare the men, but save their trousers! They 

were allowed to retire, in the best of order — wagon trains 

and all; and I don't know but what they took some of ours 

along, for our chief seeuied to be satisfied to let them 'depart 

in peace' — if they'd only go away. 

"But, thank God, the nation soon learned, by the perpe- 
tratioti of blunders, to put lighting men in command, and 
we soon had them, and the result is before the world ! 

"After laying two days at Antietam — the enemy having in 
that time full opportunity to slip away, we inarched down in 
good order (!) on Sharpsburg, arriving Friday evening. We 
filed along through the field still strewn with the unburio(f 
dead. On Siiturday, we passed Pleasant Valley and over the 
Maryland Heights, and on Wednesday down the I'otomac 
to Harpers Ferry and to Loudon Heiglits. On Sunday, we 
had rest: we had a large rock lor our pulpit, and spoke from 
the 140th Psulm: — 'Thou hast covered my head in the day of 
battle !' It was a solemn time. Wliile so many thousand of 
our brave comrades had been left dead on the field, and oth- 
ers writhing in pain in their wounds, God had shielded us 
who i-emaiiied ! And what joy would fill the hearts and 
homes of our families when they should have received the 
news of the terrible batllc, ami our letters should reach them 
of our preservation. But alas! what sadness was left for those 
of our corrkrades. when the news should reach them of 'dead 
on the field of battle!' Long will we carry with us the mem- 
ories of that Sabbath day alter the now historic Antiedam. 



24 

When the services closed there went up from a thousand 
throats on the old Loudon Heights, that awoke the echoes 
of the hills and swelled to the ekies, the grand old doxology: 

'Praise God from whom all blessings How." 
THE FIGHTING CHAPLAIN BECOMES MAJOR. 

We will now have to introduce to the reader our Ikm-o 
Chaplain as "Major." 

The Major of the regiment having been killed at the bat- 
tle of Cedar Mountain, it was now in contemplation to ap- 
point the Chaplain to till the vacancy thus created. Tlie Col- 
onel wrote a special letter to the Governor on tho subject, 
and, as tliey had canvassed his i-ecord, and had decided that 
as well a« Cha[»lain he also possessed the lighting qualities 
requisite for Major, he was at once inducted into that otlice 
to the great joy of the 'boys.' The following is ihe letter: — 

HEADQUARTERS 3RD REGIMENT MD. VOLS., 

BOLIVAR HKIGHTS, HARPERS FERRY, VA., 

November 2, 18(32. 

TO HIS EXCKLLKNCY, GOV. A. W. BRADFORD: 

Sir: — I have the honor 
to beg of you a comnaission for the following officer, Cha[i- 
lain Samuel Karnier, to be Major of the 8rd reginvtit Md. 
V^ols. 

An order from the headquarters of the army re(iuires to 
have this office tilled, and as there is none more wortliy to 
fill this office than Chaplain Samuel Kramer, and as his 
bravery, show n on many occasions, and his expericn-e ac- 
quired in the service wairant his appointment. 

I herewith most resjoectfully recommend Mr. Samuel Kra- 
mer to be conmuMsioned by your excellency, Major i»l' the 
3rd regiment, Md. Vols. 

I remain most respectfally, 

Your obedient servant, 

JOS. W. SUDSBUHC, 

Colonel Comr)in)idi))(/, 
Sd Rtij. 31d. Vols. 



Upon goijicj into camp after the recent fight of Antietam, 
it was found that the regiment (rouhl only muster about 200 
fighting men, and that they must not only have r^st, to bring 
up the energies of the balatiee who were saved, exhausted 
from the battle, but they must recruit. Our Major was now 
ordered to proceed to Annapolis, to lay the matter before the 
Governor, which he (iid, and received an order on General 

G atEaston, Md., for 200 drafted men. Quai'terntaster 

Belger turnished the steamer Balloon, and he proceedeil to 
Easton for the troops. Tiie following is Major Belger's 
order: 

'•quartermaster's office, 

BALTIMORE, January G, 1803. 

CAPT. JAS. TILGHMAN, 

Steamer Balloon, 

CAPTAIN: 

You will proceed witli your 
steamer at sunrise to-morrow morning to Easton, Talbot Co. 
Md., and take on board 200 drafted militia, and return to 
this port, by direction of the Major General Commanding at 
once. 

Major Kramer of the 3rd Md. regiment, will be in charge 
of the men. 

liespectfully, 

J. W. BELGER, 

Colonel ^' Qm." 



These men were mostly substitutes, having received good 
pay therefor, and their disciidine was rather lax. Besides, 
they liad left with the general in command about half the 
amount they had received, and many were deserting, beitjg 
sure of the part payment they held — as ordy half could be 
given them until tiiey went into actual service. 

Says the Major: "The general was surprised at the order, 
and it was otdy after several days dday that heat length was 
induced to furnish 100 men instead of the 200 called for. 1 
at length got the men on the steamer and started for Balti- 
more,"an(i on arrival reported ro the Quartermaster General 



26 

for transportation to Harpers Ferry, which was furnished 
without delay. On the way up to the Ferry, many of these 
men being 'bounty jumpers,' tried to desert; but I took the 
precaution to have the car doors guarded, with orders to 
shoot any that should attempt it. On arriving at the Ferry 
they fought with the guards and several were wounded, and 
they had us nearly overpowered when the provost guard 
came to our assistance. We succeeded in marching them 
to the regiment, and several of the leaders were placed in 
confinement. 

THE REMOVAL OF GEN. MCCLELLAN. 

The authorities now became satisfied that a change in the 
leadership of the army of the Potomac was advisable. Mc- 
Clellan was removed, and General Burnside placed in com- 
mand, November 5, 1862. Says the Major: "We now made 
preparations to move, and early in December marched to 
Fredericksburg, and took part in the memorable battle of 
that place. We crossed the river under a murderous fire 
from the rebel guns placed there to intercept us. 

"I was now ordered back to Easton for the other one hun- 
dred men, included in the former draft. I visited Easton, 

and made the demand, which General G after various 

excuses refused to comply with, and I was forced to return 
without them. I reported the fact to Governor Bradford. 
This, connected with my former visit to his camp, and the 
causes which seemed to me to operate in his refusal to com- 
ply, awakened the suspicion of the Governor, and he gave 
orders for the closing of his camp, and transferred the men 
to that commanded by General Shriver, at the city of Balti- 
more. My order for the hundred men on General Shriver, 
was immediately honored without either equivocation or 
evaaioti. My next trouble was to manage their safe trans- 
portation through Washington to Stafford, C II. The gen- 
eral furnished me a gnar<l of five ukmi, with which to man- 
age a liundred of the worst bounty jum[>ers. It was late in 
the afternoon when we took cars for the South, — arriving in 
Washington too late for the Acquia Creek boat, we were 
quartered in an old building just east of the Balto. and Ohio 
K. li. depot. We had supper and turned in, barring and 
guarding the doors and windows closely to prevent escape. 



27 

We breakfasted at daylight and immediately marched for 
the steamboat landing and 7th street wharf. 

A PLAN TO ESCAPE. 

"While the men were at breakfast, I privately learned that 
a plan was being made to desert, while on our way to the 
wharf, and it took but an instant to flecide me what course 
to pursue. As soon as the men had finished eating, I had 
ray guards posted, and gave the command for the men to 
fall in. Tliis done, I mounted a box in front of the build- 
ing, and thus addressed them: — 'Men, you have been paid as 
substitutes, but i have heard that some of you have been 
formitig plans to desert on our way to the boat.' And 
pulling a seven shooter from my belt I said, looking at thera 
so that they knew I meant it. 'the tirst man that leaves the 
ranks without orders will be shot as a deserter on the spot; 
you will march by fours; rightabout face, forward march!' 
and off we went in the most perfect order and reached the 
boat in safety. In due time every man of them was safely 
esconsed in the regiment. 

DEAD ON THE FIELD. 

"Many of them, poor fellows, were either killed or wound- 
ed subsequently at the disastrous battle of Chancellorsville, 
Virginia. 

"GEN. G " AGAIN AND THE -'SUBSTITUTE FUND." 

"While in winter quarters at Falmouth, Va., I was detailed 
to proceed to Easton, Md., and try and secure the funds 

placed in General G s hands by the substitutes; and which 

was now due the men by engagement. 

OPPOSITION TO COLORED SOLDIERS. 

"The U. S. Governtnent having ordered the enlistment of 
colored troops, a camp had been established at Baltimore. 
Officers were sent to Easton to recruit. They succeeded in 
getting about fifty men, mostly farm hands. They had march- 
ed them to the steamboat, to transfer them to the camp at 
the city, ft became known that they were leaving, when the 
citizens gathered at the wharf in a threatening tnanncr, and 
warned the captain of the steamer in case he persisted in 
taking the men on board. He becoming frightened, refused 



28 

to permit them to embark. (Chancing in Easton at tlie time 
and about to return on the same boat, the officer having the 
men in charge, seeiui; me in a Major's regimentals, catne to 
me for assistance. I asked him, 'have you enlisted these 
men in due form for the LI. 8. service?' He replied in the 
affirmative, showing me his pa[)ers. I immediately dedareci 
that the men should embark, and so ordered the captain. I 
was requested to assume command, which I did; and amid 
the turbulent crowd irathered around the dock of the steam- 
er, I ordered the men into line, and the citizens, to fall back, 
which they did with alacrity, and I embarked the men in 
safety. 

A FUSSY INDIVIDUAL. 

"An officer in citizen's dress was at the head ot the oppo- 
sition. 1 went up to him and said: 'Sir, by what authority 
are you here op}>o8ing the embarcation of these me?' He 
answered that they were our servants. 1 said: 'But, sir, 
they are free, by the act of the Government, and hereby ;ii;e 
free toenl'stin its servi<e, and I nhall take them to Balti- 
more.' lie said 'I am an officer of the U.S.' I replied: 
'If you are, \oar duty is where your services are needed — 
not here trying to interfere with its orders; tiiese men shall 
embark, and turning around I said: 'I command in the name 
of the U. IS. that these men embark,' and I said to the officer 
ineomnnind: 'officer march your men aboard, and place aguard 
over them,' and it was done — the officers having them in 
charge guarding the gangway with their swords drawn. I 
now approached the captain, who knew me, and iiitormed 
him that it was time to leave. Ue declared that he feared 
a libel, and did not dare do so. t replied: 'Captain, you 
know me, I am acting for the Government, and in its name 
i now take commanil ot this boat; I give orders to cast loose 
and proceed.' lie obeyed, and we were soon steaming away, 
while the chagrined and mortified rebels stood gazing in 
mute astonishment at the receding l)oat, bearing off 'their 
servants' as they called them. 

"The boat reached its destination in safety, and disembark- 
ed its first cargo of 'coloi'ed U. S. soldiers,' and never again 
was we interfered with in the conveyauce of troops, either 
white or colored. They soon found we had a stable Goverii- 



29 

ment, at least north of the Potonuic; and the 'officer of the 
U. S.' learned a lesson of duty and loyalty to his government. 

THAT TRUST MONEY. 

''I returned to my regiment, carrying with uie from Easton 
several thousand dollars of the substitute fund, which had 

lain in the hands of General G . Several of the mtn 

were missing, and there remained in my bands, aftor paying 
those who were entitled, the sum of $3,126.25. 

MONEY FOR THE FAMILIES. 

"I was now detailed to go to Baltimore with a large sum 
of tnoney to distribute among the tatuilies of the men of the 
comnuind — the troops having been paid off at Stalioid ClI. 
I gave notice in the daily papers of my arrival, and requested 
the representatives of the soldiers to meet me at the Union 
Relief, on Eutaw street, with iheir onlers and sign the pay- 
rolls, and get their money, which they did. Many a heart 
in that city was made glad. 

THAT ' SUBSTITUTE ' ' 'JRUST FUND' AGAIN, AND WHAT BECAME 

OF IT. 

"Havhig brouglit with me the balance of the 'substitute' 
fund, before referred to, I called on Gov'r Bradford, and 
stated the facts in ct)nnection therewith, and asked him 
what 1 should do with it. He stated lie would inform on 
the morrow. 

WHERE IT COMES IN. 

'•1 railed on the governor as per agreement, and was 
»)rdered to place the money in bank to the credit of Gen'l 

G , who was charged witli the 'substitute' fund, so that 

il the men turned up it could be drawn o\\. I made the 
deposit as ordered by the governor, in the Mechanic's Bank. 

RECEIPT. 

*• Mechanic' ii Bank of BaUlinorc. 

'Received of Major Saniuel Kramer, on depoit, $3,126.25, 
placed to the credit of Gen'l G , in trust us suostitute 



30 

Funds, lees discount on raHtern fundp, §3.97 — net $3,122 
46-100. 

(Signed,) C. R. COLEMAN, Cashier. 

BALTIMORE, January 5, 1863. 



"I turned over this recipt to the governor, atid, after 
tranBacting ray business, returned again to ray command. 

"At length many of the substitutes to whona this fund 
belonged, were at their places in camp, some being after- 
wards killed, a»jd others wounded, at the battle of Chancel- 
lorsville and Gettysburg. 

"I had assured these men that their money was safe in 
bank and would be paid them upon the expiration of their 
term of service. 

"After the Gettysburg battle, in August, 1863, their term 
ofeervice having expired, they were sent home to Baltimore. 
I was detailed to aid in mustering them out of service. 

"gone avhere the woodbine,'' AC. 

"I was now called upon by the men for the money due 
them of this trust fund. I at once communicated this to 

Gen'l G , having it in charge, at Easton. After waiting 

a reasonable time and receiving no re[>ly, I consulted with 
the iState officials. Man}' of the men desiring to go home, 
1 settled their accounts out of njy own funds, believing that 

Gen'l G would settle the account promptly, amounting 

to about 1500. 

"Placing the receipts in the hands of the Secretary of 

State, lion. W. H. Hill, that officer wrote to Gen'l G-^ 

several times and received no answer. Finally a demand was 

inade, when Gen'l G wrote for me to meet him at the 

Fountain Hotel, Baltimore, on a certain day with the papers 
and receipts, &c. I met him as requested. The general 
requested me to deliver them to him, and upon his return 
to Easton, he would send a check for the amount. 

"Not suspt'cting any treachery, J gave him up every re- 
ceipt, not even retaining copies. That was the last I have 
ever been able to hear of either my money or receipts. 
When written to he has always observed that dignified 



31 

military silence for which he seems proverbial, and eminently 
capable of imposing up those who are strangers to him, 

"This man has held several positions of trust in the State, 
and I believe now holds one in Baltimore. Aside from 
the amount of §500 00 due me, as above, he has, so far as I 
know at this present writing, failed to account to anybody 
for the snug little sum of S3.126.25, 'substitute of trust 
funds' of our men thai I placed to his credit in the Mechan- 
ic's Bank of Baltimore, by suggestion of Gov'r Bradford, 
as the following will show : 

'State of Maryland, 
Office of the Secretary of State, 

Annapolis, May 22, 1863. 
Major Samuel Kramer, 

Dear Sir : Yesterdaj' I had an interview with tlie Secre- 
tary of War about the substitutes in your regiment. 

He gave lu'^ directions how to proceed to secure their pay 
from day of tlie draft, and I will give it early attention. 
1 shall have to go to Easton to arrange it as I cannot get 

Gen'l G to do anything by mail. 

Yours, truly, 

'W. B. HILL,' 



IN CAMP AGAIN — AN ACCIDENT. 



"Having finished the business for which 1 was detached, 
and obtaining commissions andpromotionsfor several wort.hy 
officers, I joined my regiment at Staftbrd C. H. on the 1st 
day of February, 1863. In the latter part of March, while 
in command <>f my regiment, and ordering a review, after 
Uiancbuvering. and being about to remount my horse before 
wheeling the men into line, placing one foot into the stirrup, 
the orderly let go the bridle, and my horse made a plunge 
and threw me violently against the stump of a tree. 1 was 
Stunned with the blow, my back was injured, iv.y head 
severely cut, while the hilt of my sword struck in luy rigla 
abdomen, iuHictiug a dangerous internal wound. For three 



32 

(lays atul nighta I suffered misery untold, my life beino^ 
doapaired of by the surgeons in attendance. 

"I was assured that my recovery was entirely due to my 
stric'.ly temperate habits together with an unnsually 'gO(^d 
constitution. 

THE OLD FEELING. 

"It was Heveral weeks before I could leave my tent, for I 
declined to go to the hospital. I soon fell into typhoid fever, 
and when the array moved on Chancellorsville, April, 28, 1 
was left at the field hospital, and soon after removed t(» 
Washington, where I vi^as attended by Surgeons Clymerand 
De Witt, where, with quiet and good treatment, thanks 
to a kind Providence, I recovered. However, when in June 
following, the army was ordered to move towards Gettys- 
burg, the old feeling came on me in such force that I de- 
termined to ask permission to join my regiment ; but upon 
t'onsultation of my physicians I was forbidden." 

So strotig was the old feeling in the Major that bethought 
to "jump" tlie authority of the surgeon in charge, and ap- 
plied in person to Surgeon (General Hammond, whom he 
begged to relejise him from his surgeon's care, ttiat lie 
might be with the men in the glorious tight at Gettysburg. 
But he was unsuccessful. Gen'l Hammond saw at a glance, 
that with the complication of wounds and sickness, he was 
unfitted for the Held, and ordered him home, where his leave 
was extendeil to 60 days. As he pressed his claims on Gen'l 

H , he said to him : "No ! — Major, I have heard ot you 

and your services, 1 cannot let you — it would be suicide to 
attempt it. You must rest." 

When his leave finally expired, he applied for active ser- 
vice again, but they as steadily refused, when he replieil, 
"Wtdl, if r can be of no further use, you had better dis- 
charge mo." Tiie general replied, "N"o, you can do camp 
duty," and he was ordered to Baltimore to attend to the 
mustering out of troops whose time continued to expire, as 
the tollowiny: order^< will show : 



33 

special order no. 207. 
Headquarters, Middle Department, 

8th Army Corps, 

August 1, 1863. 

Major S. Kramer, 3nl regiment Maryland vols., now 
niiflor medical treatment in this city, is detailed on special 
duty to superintend mnsterina: out of service the drafted 
men of his regiment, whose term of t^ervice has expired. 
By order of Major General Schenck. 

W. H. CHESEBROUGH, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 
To Major S. Kramer, 

^rd Regiment Md. Vors. 



Mustering Office, 
Baltimore, Md. September 5, 18G3. 

Major S. Kramer, of 3rd regiment Maryland volunteers, 
has been, and is still employed in my office in preparing the 
inuster-ont rolls of tlie drafted men and substitutes whose 
term of service has expired, tor discharges. Jlis services are 
still required to comj)lete this duty. 

W. H. WHARTON, 
Maj. Gen' I U. S. Lift/, Mustering Officer U. S. A. 



Copy of Surgeon General's Certificate of Disability. 

I hereby certify that I have carefully examined Major 
Samuel Kramer, 3rd regiment Maryland volunteers, and 
tind that he ie suffering from the effects of a fall from a 
liorse, received in the line of duty, in March, 1863, injuring 
his back, and tlnit in consequence thereof, he is not tit for 
active Held duty. Not liable to draft, but fit for garrison 
or light duty with the Invalit* Gorps. 

W. R. 1)E WITT, Jr., 
Surgeon LI. S. Vols., in charge U. S. A; 
Washington, D. G., September 10, 1863. 



84 

THE "INVALID CORPS," 

In due time Major Kramer was recommended to the In- 
valid corpa, as the following will show : 

Cambridge, August 31, 1863. 

LETTERS OF EX-GOV'r. HICKS AND SECRETARY HII.L. 

To THE Provost Marshal, U. S. A., 

Dear Sir : I very respectfully afk your favor for Major 
Samuel Kramer of 3rd Md. vols. Major Kramer has un- 
fortunately been disabled by a fall from his horse whilst on 
duty with his regiment, and has suffered, T learn, from vio- 
lent typhoid fever. Not being able, longer, to render active 
service \u the field, his triends, myself among those, desire 
for him some good place in the Invalid Corps. You will 
excuse my saying that I leel very anxious in Mr. K's case. 
I know niuch of his service to the cause of the Union, and 
to myself in the darker days of our glorious Union. He 
came Irom Winchester, Va., vAa Harper's Ferry, in June, 
1861, to Frederick to advise me, as Executive Officer of 
Maryland, of the doings of Jackson and his confederate 
forces, then at Harper's Ferry, and on the Potomac, He 
told me of their contemplated raid into Maryland, and their 
design to capture mo, then only twelve miles from them, 
that they might carry Maryland with the seceded States. 
Mr. K. labored faithfully to rjiise regiments in Maryland, 
and put them in the field, and was very successful; and this 
was done at a period when most of our people ieared to 
move in that direction. Mr. K. being a minister of the 
gospel, I commfssioned him Chaplain to the 3rd Marylan(i 
volunteers. His history since that time will be shown by 
your records. If at all projier and possible, I beg that you 
gratify Mr. K. and his many friends. 

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient 
servant. 

TUGS. H. HICKS, 

Tjate Governor of Maryland. 



TO THE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL, U. S. A. 

Sir : It gives me great pleasure to commend to your 
favorable consideration, Major Samuel Kramer, of the 3rd 



35 

regiment Maryland volunteer infantry, for admission into 
Invalid Corps. I have known M:ijor Kramer for many years 
personally and officially, ever sinco hU entry into the ser- 
vice. He has been a good soldier, and is of most excellent 
character in every respect. I understand that from injuries 
and sickness incurred in the service, lie is no longer tit for 
active service, and I shall be gratified to hear of his admis- 
sion into the Invalid Corps, althougli the transfer will cost 
the State one of her bravest and most meritorious officers. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient 
servant. 

WM. B. HILL, 

Secretary of Stale. 



THE chaplain's EARLY CAREER. 
"MILITARY tactics!" 

Mr. Kramer quite early in life, took to the sea. He left 
hie home in 1822, being then only 14 years of age, in a mer- 
chant ship, afterward joining the "Emily," Captain Cope- 
land. While lying in Rio de Janeiro, he had occasion one 
terribly dark and stormy night to "man a boat" and go on 
shore for the captain. That country was then in the midst 
of a terrible war. On landing at the quay, he left the 
boat and proceeded to where the captain was waiting, when 
he encountered a guard of Portuguese soldiers, who hailed 
him. Just then a Hash of lightning revealed a line of them 
stretched across the street. In an instant all became dark 
again, when he made a Jive through their line, and soon got 
beyond their reach, when they uttered the most singular 
sounds as "Booh! Booh !" They thouglit it was a spirit from 
some unknown region, and did not even dare tire their 
pieces but let him escape. They never had (he matter ex- 
plained, and undoubtedly remained to their dying day in full 
belief that an invisible being had passed through their ranks. 
On his return of course the captain had the pass word. 

On another occasion at the same place he was sent ashore 
for the captain, when on approaching the quay, he was 
warned away by a sentinel armed with a sabre. He per- 
eisted ou landing, when the sentinel began to make cuts at 



him. Young Kramer parried off his cuts with his hoat-hook. 
As usual, Kramer used the "hook" to such advantage as a 
"parrying" instrument, that he completely nonplused his 
assailant, and backed out of harm's way, into the stream ; 
The sentinel, meantime, was standing on the quay, gyratiuij 
and gesturing wildly at his own discomforture. There were 
many incidents of the kind in his eventful life while "upon 
the wave," which we have not the time here to narrate, and 
which might not be appropriate to the end we have in view, 
in this little volume. 

After spending several years in that service, in various 
ships, as officer, he joined the U. S. Naval service. The 
IT. S. Schooner "Dolphin," of 12 guns, Captain Aulich, 
was on the Pacitic coast, to which lie was assigned. After- 
ward he served on board the frigate "Brandy wine," Com- 
modore Jacob Jones, in which he returned home. 

While off Caj)e Horn in a terrible gale of wind, theBran- 
dywine labored heavily, and carrying away her mizzen top- 
mast, she was in great danger; the cai)tain of the top became 
so bewildered as not to know what to do. Young Kramer, 
being in the top, said : "Hold on, take care of yourself," 
and pushing him aside assumed his place, directing the top- 
men, cleared the wreck, secured the spars and sending them 
down, in full view of the officers on the (piarter-deck. His 
seamanlike coolness and nerve at once attracted the atten- 
tion of the officers, and when all were satVly secured and he 
had come down on deck, the executive officer came up to 
him and questioned him as to how long he had been at sea. 
and many other (piestions, and commended him. He had 
then been at sea about seven years. 

Being a young man of strictly temperance hal»its, a goo(\ 
sailor, and well practiced in seauuinshij), ami in navi- 
gation generally, the officers ottered to join in recom- 
mending him to the Sect'y of the U. 8. Navy, but which 
he declined, with many thanks. He had in contemplation 
the command of a merchant shif). 

But, soon after, entering the church, he suddenly came to 
the wise conclusion that his duties lay in a higher and nobler 
direction. Having spent his early life with those that "Go 
down to the sea in ships," his sympattiies went out after 
them first, and he engaged in their service, establishing him- 



37 

self in his native city, giving (iver 20 years service without 
pay- 
In 1839 he founded the "Sailors City Bethel," on Light 
Htreet wharf; and in 1846, he bought the rihip William 
Penn, and fitted it up for tlie church, and in 1852 he built 
the sailors' church on Lee street. Our " military history" 
opens with him on the fatal "19th of April.'' 

In stature the Chaplain is below the medium, small but 
compactly built — wirey — a perfect "Paulus,'' with mnch of 
tiie "Wesley" attached. A great worker, and has now for 
several years performed the most efficient and practical ser- 
vice, as acting Chaplain at the Navy Yard, Washington, as 
the following will show : 

U. 8. RECEIVING SHIP "RELIEF," 

NAVY YARD, WASHINGTON, 

July 13, 1876. 

REV. MR. KRAMER, 

DEAR SIR: — 

This ship will go out of commiseion 
to-morrow or Saturday. Before leaving her however, I wish 
to extend to you my hearty thanks for the interest you have 
nmnifested in the spiritual welfare of her crew, and for your 
faithful labors among the men attached to the ship. Your 
attendance on the Sabbath has been regular, and }'out devo- 
tion to the cau8(^ for which you liave labored has been ear- 
nest, and I think much good has resulted from your minis- 
trations, lam sure all the officers and men join with me in 
thanking you. 

Very respectfully, 

J. F. MERRY, 

Lieut. U. IS. N. Com.. 

Note: — Mr. K. preached on board the "Relief" for nearly 
15 months on every Sabbath, and the above was sent him 
unsolicited and unexpected. — Ed. 



38 

U. S. S. TALLAPOOSA, 

WASHINGTON, D. C, 

May 22, 1879. 

HON. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

Sir: — I respectfully state that 
the Rev. Samuel Kramer, has to my kuowledge, devoted a 
large portion of the past seven years of preaeliiug to tlie sail- 
ors of this and other vessels at this Navy Yard. 

He is a gentleman of sterling integrity, and practices what 
he preaches; and from my own knowledge I can say that his 
efforts in preaching to sailors has resulted in great good to 
them. 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant 

D. G. McRlTCHIE, 

Lieiii. Com. 



U. S. TRAINING SHIP "SARATOGA," 

NAVY' YARD, WASHINGTON, D. C, 

March 14, 1880. 

TO REV. MR. KRAMER: — 

iSiR: As this vessel will sail from Washingtoii in a few days, 
I wish, before leaving, to convey to you the sincere and 
heartfelt thanks of myself and the olHcers ior the interest 
you have manifested in the s})iritnal welfare ot the hoys and 
men. Let me assure you, it is with deep regret we part with 
you, and that we look forward with hope to a renewal ol our 
v^ry pleasant relations at no distatit date. 

Very respectfully, 

K. D. EVANtS, 

Coin. U. S. iV. Com. 

Note: — The "Saratoga" was a school shi[i, with an aver- 
age of near 100 naval apprentices — besides othcersand men. 
Mr. K. preached ou board 3 winters. He also ministered ou 



39 

board the U. S. Ship Portsmouth. At the present time he 
holds divine service on board the "Passaic" and in the 
Chapel at the Navy Yard and other ships at the Yard. 

THE NAVY YARD. 

What led to the Rev. Mr. Kramer holdina^ divine service 
at the U. S. Nav}' Yard was this: — It had been reported to 
Kev. J. P. Newman, of the Metropolitan M. E. Clinrph, that 
no divine services were held at the 11. 8. Navy Yard tbrtlie 
benetit of sailors on board the ships at the Yard, and reques- 
ted, as he had several ministers in his church, that he would 
send some one of them to hold such service there. 

As it was well known tluit Mr. Kramer had followed the 
sea for a nnmljor of years l)cfore he became a miniHter, and 
bad been in the U. S. Navy, and had ^iven much of his life 
to the cause of the sailor, and was instrumental in securing 
the abolishment of the " cat " and " colt, " for floarg-ing, as, 
also, the "jjrotr rations;" behaving had meetings of the mer- 
chants of Baltimore, and was chairman of a committee to 
wait upon Congress for the removal ot' these stigmas of the 
American Navy, (See life of Col. Elijah Stansbury, late 
Mayor city of Baltimore, pages 161-3-4,) it was decided to 
send him. i\nd it will be seen that he has faithtully per- 
lorrned such service, by the enecomiums of officers and 
men of the Navy. For several years he did this without 

pay- 

Mr. Kramer's foundness iov -•■a life would have led him 
into the iS'avy instead of the Army, had it not been that un- 
der the condition of affairs in Maiyiand, he saw he could do 
more to aid the Governn'biit by helping to raise troops and 
aiding them and their families, than by going into the Navy, 
as he did not consult his own comfort, but the good of the 
Government. 

THE jMAJOR's family AND ANCESTORS. 

The Major was born in the City of Baltimore, October 14, 
1808. Married and raised a large family of children, — 7 
sons an<] 2 daughters. 

Four of the sons entered tlie ministry — three Episcopalian, 
and one Methodist. One recently deceased, Kev. Wm. l*aul 
Kramer, associate rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, the 
church of our' honored (Secretary Hunt, of the Navy. He 



40' 

was a young man of great promise, and is greatly lamented 
by hiH people. lie endeared himself to the people of that 
(;ity by remaining two years in succession of the yellow fever 
at his post — the last two years of his life — and being sent 
north to recruit, died in Morristown, N. J., on Muy 22, 1881. 

It may be interesting to know something of the parents of 
Mr. Kramer. lie is of German and Pjnglish parentage; his 
mother was from the family of Pauls, who came to this 
country ivom England in its early settlement, au<l settled in 
Kent County, H^astern Shore, Maryland. Miss Paul was a 
lehuive of one ol the State of Delaware's first governors. 
The fathei- (^f Major Kramer, John Kramer, came from 
Bremen, before the American Revolution, when he was but 
l7 years of age, with his brother, aged 19; they both entered 
the army of (Jen'l Washington at llarrisburg. Pa., their 
names were s^telled Kraemer, Creamer, ami Cramer. They 
served through the entire war. 

Major Kramer's father was one of Gen' I Washington's 
body guard, and was a great favorite wiih him. After the 
war he setthnl in Washington, and tinally in Baltimore, 
where Major Kramer, the youngest of the entire family, was 
biirii. Four of the elder brothers of the iMajor's were sol- 
diers of the war of 1812-18-14: he, himself, well remembei'- 
ing rjiany of the everits. (xeorge, his father's brother, set- 
tled in Pennsylvania ut the clos(^ ot the war, and had several 
sons, one of whom was a member of Congress for three terms 
from that State. The family lias spread all over the States, 
and the name spelled in the difterent^ways as above, is found 
iti nearly eveiy State in the Uidini, and they have always been 
loyal to the government their forefathers fought to main- 
tain. 



H 122 80 



I D Kl . II I 






'**^ 



^ 



» o 



A 





















\./' .':^~ 






.h^ 



a> ^^ 



.0 



V^-^^. 






C 






: ./X ^^^ ^^% •. 



-^^, 




'^„ 






.<i-' 



A 












• 



«\^ 



x'^' 






XT \ 












,^^ ''i^' 



AV" . « • o 



^"•^^ 









%'•. %.«^ 



%^v 
a*'^ ** 



** •^<^ 




;* .> 




V '^. 









rA(Si 



^^^<i 



K«- ^ ",Vu\\x^o^ > _ ■■' ^^^ « ^z^yv/ivJ:- K^*^ ^ 




V* si.- 



O H 






" - " ^ *<* 



^,,*- 

,^^% 













V4 




